Неэргодическая экономика

Available econometric approaches to estimating the potential GDP and their shortcomings are examined. A general econometric procedure is described and (be case is made for the use of alternative approaches to estimating the potential GDP, based on the principle of determinism. The proposed techniques are verified on official statistics reflecting Russia’s economic development in 1989–1996.

Economic reforms of the past few years have substantially changed the sectoral production structure in Russia. A discussion of the economic laws of the transition period («Vestnik RAN», 1998, no.1) is continued. Trends in the transformation of the sectoral structure of the Russian economy are considered. The main stages of economic reforms and the inner logic of their sequence are described.

Economic science emerged more than 2000 years ago and still presents problems for further thought. This article discusses the special character of this branch of knowledge, its specific laws, and the problems facing economists. The author shows that unlike physical laws, most of economic laws are not written in a strong, weak form. In addition, there are no world constants in economic science.

The author analyzed the statistical data supplied by the regional labor offices in Russia and used the results to assess the current state of external labor migration in Russia, to identify the basic trends and problems in the field, to make objective predictions for further developments, and to formulate a number of fundamental approaches to the governmental regulation of the export and import of labor.

Certain theses of traditional imprinting theory are specified in the article. A hypothesis is proposed that, along with basic imprints, there are auxiliary ones that are characterized by pronounced contextualization and explain many human life strategies.

Mistakes made during the formation the public sector of Russia’s economy and the system of its regulation are discussed in the article. The authors show that the Russian executive bodies ignored positive foreign experience during the economic reforms and outline ways to normalize the situation.

The existing system of personnel training in Russia is analyzed. The increasing tendency to fill the market with unskilled labor, the industrial syndrome in the training structure, and the gradual reduction of specialists trained for work in priority economic fields gives the authors of the article cause for anxiety.

Продолжая тему институциональных преобразований в российской экономике, автор рассматривает развитие государственного и негосударственного секторов, оценивает их масштабы и анализирует влияние приватизации на эффективность промышленного производства. Особое внимание уделяется сдвигам в подотраслях промышленности и внутри разных форм собственности.

В статье рассматривается феномен свободного времени в контексте так называемого закона Вальраса, играющего большую роль в экономической теории. Автор делает попытку уточнить и расширить формулировку данного закона, что позволяет глубже понять функциональные свойства капиталистической и социалистической систем, а также закономерности перехода от одной к другой. Показано, что водораздел между капитализмом и социализмом определяется рынком свободного времени, который формирует истинное «лицо» экономического строя.

Developing and transition economy countries have two specific features: first, the capital deficit problem in these countries is particularly acute, and second, traditional capital redistribution channels either do not work or work poorly. In view of this, economic agents in these countries look for other options of investment market organization, using not very traditional methods for this purpose. One of these in Russia is the institution of regional investment forums.